Impact of Organochlorines on Endocrine System: a Review

This paper overviews the contamination caused by persistent organochlorines in endocrine system of mammals. To overcome yield loss in crops plants via pests, it is necessary to control them. There are a number of pest control strategies. But in developing and under developed countries, most of the farmers are using pesticides without a proper way and proper knowledge. Out of total applied pesticide, <0.1% of pesticides reach their target pests. Due to this reason, more than 99.9% of pesticides applied affect the public health, contaminate soil, water, and natural resources of our environment. The contamination by organochlorine residues is due to continuous usage in developing and under developed countries. In field and laboratory experiments, it was found that organochlorines are most persistent in nature which causes adverse effects on endocrine system in mammals. Endocrine disruption induces Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Thyrotoxicosis, malformation of glands and reproductive organs, histological changes in organ system and homeostasis of mammals. Therefore low persistent insecticides and plant derivatives must be applied for pest control because they are safer to our biota and ecosystem.